– Neighborly Advice –
Creep feeding beef calves
Is it worth it?
By Dr. Josh Zeltwanger, ProTrition Ruminant Nutritionist
Creep feeding is the practice of providing supplemental feed to nursing calves, usually in a designated area that excludes the cow. This management tool is designed to increase average daily gain (ADG) in calves before weaning and to help calves transition more smoothly to a grain-based diet. But is it always worth the investment? The answer depends on your production goals, market timing, forage availability, and feed costs. Benefits of creep feeding The primary benefit of creep feeding is increased weaning weight. Approximately 2-3 months after calving, a cow’s milk production has likely peaked, and by four months, does not meet the requirements for a calf to reach maximum growth. Research shows that creep-fed calves can gain 0.3 to 0.8 pounds more per day compared to non-creep-fed calves, potentially adding 30-60 pounds to the weaning weight over a typical 90-day creep-feeding period. For producers selling calves at weaning, this added weight can translate into higher revenue, especially when feed-to-gain ratios and market conditions are favorable.
Another benefit is improved weaning transition. Calves exposed to grain-based feeds before weaning typically adapt more easily to post-weaning diets. This can reduce post-weaning stress and improve feedlot performance. Creep feeding can also be useful when forage quality declines late in the grazing season or when first-calf heifers and thin cows can’t provide adequate milk. Sources of creep feed Creep feed can include a wide variety of ingredients, depending on local availability and cost. Common feeds include cracked corn, wheat midds, soybean hulls, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, distillers’ grains, or a pelleted combination of these ingredients. A well-formulated creep feed is one that pairs the needs of the calf with its environment. No single creep feed is best for every situation.
The profitability of creep feeding depends on feed cost, calf prices, and the value of added weight. In times of high feed prices or low calf prices, creep feeding may not be economical. However, at times when feed is relatively inexpensive and calf prices are high, the practice can yield a positive return. Some producers also use creep feeding strategically — to market heavier calves earlier or to reduce cow stress late in lactation.
If calves are grazing high-quality pasture or forage, a high-energy, moderate-protein creep feed is usually sufficient. Typically, it is best to utilize low-starch ingredients to prevent any negative effects on digestion. If forage is poor in protein, a protein supplement might be more suitable. The physical form of the feed also matters. Pellets or textured feeds often reduce sorting, feed waste, and allow easy addition of various feed additives. Duration and management Creep feeding typically begins when calves are around 3-4 months old and continues until weaning, often for a period of 60 to 120 days. The timing should be adjusted based on forage conditions and calf growth rates. Early introduction allows calves to explore and adapt to the creep feeder, but intake remains low in very young calves. Most of the feed consumption and associated weight gain occurs in the last 30-60 days before weaning.
Creep feed should be kept fresh and dry, and feeders should be checked frequently. Positioning feeders near loafing areas or water sources encourages use. It’s also critical to manage intake to avoid over-conditioning, especially for heifer calves being retained for breeding, where excessive fat deposition can impair future performance. Is it worth it? The profitability of creep feeding depends on feed cost, calf prices, and the value of added weight. In times of high feed prices or low calf prices, creep feeding may not be economical. However, at times when feed is relatively inexpensive and calf prices are high, the practice can yield a positive return. Some producers also use creep feeding strategically — to market heavier calves earlier or to reduce cow stress late in lactation.
Ultimately, creep feeding is a flexible tool. When used appropriately, it can support both short-term weight gain and long-term herd health and productivity. For more information about effective nutritional programs, visit your local Co-op feed specialist.
