– Neighborly Advice –
Critical transition
The added value of feeding weaned calves
By Dr Josh Zeltwanger, ProTrition Ruminant Nutritionist
Weaned cattle, which typically range between 400 to 500 pounds in Tennessee, represent a critical transition phase where strategic feeding can maximize value. As of August 29, 2025, current auction prices for weaned steers (medium and large 1) were averaging $427.85 per cwt for 400- to 450-pound calves and $400 per cwt for 450- to 500-pound animals, according to the USDA Weekly Tennessee Cattle Summary. Futures prices for live cattle on the CME for October 2025 stand at $239.575 per cwt, with December 2025 at $240.925 per cwt, indicating a stable market outlook.
Feeding weaned cattle for 45-90 days adds value by increasing weight gain, improving health, and preparing animals for sales or feedlots. At current prices, a 400-lb. calf costing approximately $1,700 could gain 1.5-2 lbs./day on a balanced diet, reaching 475-500 lbs. after 45 days, 525-550 lbs. after 60 days, or 580-620 lbs. after 90 days. Selling at futures prices could yield $1,125 to $1,200 after 45 days, $1,250 to $1,325 after 60 days, or $1,375-$1,500 after 90 days per cwt, potentially netting $200 to $400 profit-per-head after feed costs. Extending the feeding span to 90 days allows more substantial weight gain (e.g., 180-240 lbs. total), but increases feed expenses by 50%, making it suitable for markets favoring heavier calves or periods when feed is cheaper as pricing currently stands.
Economically, the 45- to 60-day window aligns with Tennessee's fall-weaning season, allowing sales before winter feed costs rise. Extending the feeding period to 90 days suits volatile markets, adding $100 to $150 extra profit/head but requiring vigilant management to ensure the cattle stay on track for maximum returns. Futures indicate steady demand, with live cattle projected at $240/cwt through December.
Additionally, this feeding period helps mitigate weaning stress on the calves. In fact, reports from the University of Tennessee show death loss of calves during a 45-day preconditioning period were less than 0.5%. Feeding a diet that is properly balanced to meet the animals’ nutrient requirements is critical to capture the most value during this period. Properly balancing protein and energy allows for gains ranging from 1.5 to 3.0 lbs./day during preconditioning. However, it is important to not let young cattle get over-conditioned as it can reduce their value to most cattle buyers. Producers can reduce the potential of over-conditioning by favoring lower-starch feeds that promote fiber digestion and limit the risk of metabolic upsets such as acidosis. It is also important to not overlook the mineral program with young cattle to ensure proper growth and health status. Incorporating proven technologies such as growth-promoting implants or ionophores can also improve the profitability of animals during this stage unless producers plan to target special markets. Implanted cattle increase their value by $10 to $25 per head through increased weights. Research from the University of Tennessee shows Rumensin-fed calves gain 0.2-0.3 lbs./day more on tall fescue. With all the different feeding options, it is important to work with professionals that can answer your questions and help design a plan to maximize the value added to your cattle during this time.
Economically, the 45- to 60-day window aligns with Tennessee's fall-weaning season, allowing sales before winter feed costs rise. Extending the feeding period to 90 days suits volatile markets, adding $100 to $150 extra profit/head but requiring vigilant management to ensure the cattle stay on track for maximum returns. Futures indicate steady demand, with live cattle projected at $240/cwt through December. In summary, feeding weaned cattle for 45 to 90 days in Tennessee adds $200 to $400/head value through weight gain, health improvements, and reduced stress.
For more information about effective nutritional programs, visit with your local Co-op feed specialist.
